[Download] "Smoking, Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse Treatment (Editors' Introduction)" by Journal of Psychoactive Drugs ~ eBook PDF Kindle ePub Free

📘 Read Now     📥 Download

eBook details

• Title: Smoking, Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse Treatment (Editors' Introduction)
• Author : Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
• Release Date : January 01, 2007
• Genre: Health & Fitness,Books,Health, Mind & Body,
• Pages : * pages
• Size : 191 KB

Description

The public health and economic consequences of cigarette smoking are well established. There were 44.5 million current adult smokers in the US in 2004 (CDC 2005), and an estimated 440,000 premature deaths are attributable to smoking annually (CDC 2002). Smoking is a risk factor for numerous cancers (e.g., lung, larynx, esophagus, bladder), as well as for heart disease, stroke, emphysema, and respiratory infections (Leshner 1998). For perinatal women, smoking increases the risk of delivering stillborn, premature, or low birthweight infants (NIDA 1998). Economic costs of smoking were estimated at $157 billion dollars annually in the years 1995-99 (CDC 2002), approaching costs associated with alcohol abuse and exceeding those associated with illicit drug use (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 2001; Harwood, Fountain & Livermore 1998; Rice 1995). As an avoidable but addictive behavior, smoking remains the single most preventable cause of death in the U.S. (CDC 2002). Smokers who quit by age 35 increased their life expectancy by six to eight years, and quitting later carries some life expectancy benefits (Taylor et al. 2002). Since the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health in 1964 (Department of Health Education and Welfare 1964), public health interventions, regulatory practices, and litigation efforts have transformed smoking in America by supporting research, prevention, and policy changes as countervailing forces to the tobacco industry. Between 1964 and 1987, the prevalence of adult smoking decreased from 40% to 29% (Department of Health and Human Services 1989). Prevalence was 20.9% in 2005 (CDC 2006), and there are now 44 million ex-smokers in the U.S. (Trosclair et al. 2002).

PDF Books "Smoking, Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse Treatment (Editors' Introduction)" Online ePub Kindle